FIRST 2 INTRO QUOTES:
Music lyrics have become increasingly explicit overtime, particularly with references to sex, drugs, and violence.
The majority of music video fans are adolescents. Even if they don't understand or recognized the lyrics, they cannot avoid the associations therein, both implicit and explicit.
IN BETWEEN ELLEN CLIP 1 & 2
Approximately 17% of male adolescents and 25% of female adolescents expressed that they liked their favorite song specifically cause the lyrics were a reflection of their feelings.
PART OF WRAP UP CONCLUSION
Analysis of the content in music videos is important because research has reported that exposure to violence, sexual messages, sexual stereotypes, and substance abuse in videos will produce significant changes in behaviors and attitudes of young viewers.
*IF YOU COULD BE SURE THE VIEWER HAS ENOUGH TIME TO READ EACH PHRASE
THANKS!
Article: Impact of media use on children and youth
Url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2792691/
Author:
Music
videos may have a significant behavioural impact by desensitizing
viewers to violence and making teenagers more likely to approve of
premarital sex (45). Up to 75% of videos contain sexually explicit material (45),
and more than half contain violence that is often committed against
women. Women are portrayed frequently in a condescending manner that
affects children’s attitudes about sex roles.
Attractive
role models are the aggressors in more than 80% of music video
violence. Males are more than three times as likely to be the
aggressors; blacks were overrepresented and whites underrepresented.
Music videos may reinforce false stereotypes. A detailed analysis of
music videos raised concerns about its effects on adolescents’ normative
expectations about conflict resolution, race and male-female
relationships (46).
Music
lyrics have become increasingly explicit, particularly with references
to sex, drugs and violence. Research linking a cause-and-effect
relationship between explicit lyrics and adverse behavioural effects is
still in progress at this time. Meanwhile, the potential negative impact
of explicit music lyrics should put parents and paediatricians on guard
– paediatricians should bring this up in anticipatory guidance
discussions with teenagers and their parents. At the very least, parents
should take an active role in monitoring the music their children are
exposed to (45).
Article: Impact of Media on Children and Adolescents: a 10-year review of the research
Url: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0890856709603877
Author: SUSAN VILLANI, M.D
Using a smaller clinical sample of 88 psychiatric patients, Took and Weiss (1994)
further questioned the relationship between musical preference and
adolescent turmoil. This study was the first to include rap music as a
preference category. Although the initial results indicated that those
who preferred heavy metal and rap had worse school grades, more school
behavior problems, increased sexual activity, and increased drug and
alcohol use and arrests, when controlled for gender, only below-average
current and elementary school grades and a history of counseling in
elementary school for school problems remained significant.
Building on studies from the 1980s which showed the frank violent content of more than 50% of MTV, Durant et al. (1997a)
analyzed the content of 518 music videos from MTV, VH1 (Video Hits
One), CMT (Country Music Television), and BET (Black Entertainment
Network). The study showed 22% of MTV videos portraying overt violence,
with the other three networks carrying programs of which 11% involved
violence. As for music genre, 20% of rap videos portrayed violence, and
the carrying of weapons was the highest in rap and rock videos
(approximately 19%). Among the videos with weapons, a child was
portrayed as carrying the weapon 15% of the time and an adolescent 8%.
Similarly, children were engaged in violence 11% of the time and
adolescents 8%.
Article: The negative effects of Music Videos on our children
url: http://jottedlines.com/society/the-negative-effects-of-music-videos-on-our-children/
author:
Music Videos have defined contemporary culture the last 50 years. The
mass appeal of the art form brings with it both advantages and
disadvantages. On the positive side, it inspires, entertains and
stimulates, while on the flip side it can inculcate unsavory behaviors
and attitude among the youth. The young viewer must show caution in
choosing the beneficial ones from the lot.
The majority of music video fans are teenagers and young adults, who are
at an impressionable period of their lives. The youngsters can turn
out to be anti-social if they idolize their attractive music stars,
whose life-style is regarded as “extreme” and “on the edge”.
The formats of music videos are universally popular among children
and young adults. When the lyrics are run as subtitles in the videos,
their impact is increased manifold. Even if they don’t understand or
recognize the lyrics, they cannot avoid the associations therein, both
implicit and explicit. Moreover, the videos are self-reinforcing – the
mind automatically does a flash-back to the video just at a mere hint of
the song tune ever after. The music video is thus a powerful
psychological tool. Unfortunately, the format had now become a breeding
ground for sexism, substance abuse and risky sexual behavior.
(Pediatrics 1996)
Studies indicate that up to 75% of concept music videos, which have a
certain theme, contain sexually suggestive material. More than half of
them also contain violent acts committed against women. Women were
sometimes portrayed in a derogatory manner. The use of alcohol and
tobacco were projected as glamorous and fashionable. All of this is
bound to lead teenage viewers to dire consequences. (Pediatrics 1996)
Article: Impact of music lyrics and music videos on children and youth
url: http://go.galegroup.com/ps/infomark.do?action=interpret&u=csusj&source=gale&authCount=1&srcprod=SP00&tabID=T002&prodId=GPS&userGroupName=csusj&docId=A18966948&type=retrieve&contentSet=IAC-Documents&version=1.0&selfRedirect=true
author: Pediatrics
Music video formats are popular among children and adolescents. When music lyrics are illustrated in music videos, their potential impact is magnified.3,5,23,24] Teenagers who may not "hear" or understand rock lyrics cannot avoid the often disturbing images that characterize a growing number of videos. In addition, music videos are self-reinforcing: if viewers hear a song after having seen the video version, they immediately "flash back" to the visual imagery in the video.[17] Music videos may represent a relatively new art form, but it is one that often contains an excess of sexism, violence, substance abuse, suicides, and inappropriate sexual behavior.[25-28]
With 70% of American households receiving cable television,[29] most teenagers have access to Music Television (MTV) and VH-1 and watch an average of a half hour to 2 hours of music videos daily.[5,30] Content analyses indicate that up to 75% of concept music videos (those involving a theme instead of a concert performance) contain sexually suggestive material.[25,26] More than half contain violence, which often includes acts committed against women.[25,26] Women are frequently portrayed in a condescending manner.[27,28] Alcohol and tobacco use are also glamorized in many music videos that teenagers view.[31] As with music lyrics, teenagers, ability to comprehend and interpret music videos may vary widely and may represent an important variable in their potential impact.[5,32,33]
This article is really really good.
Article: Impacts of Music, Music Lyrics, and Music Videos on children and youth
url: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/124/5/1488.full
author: FROM THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS
To understand the importance of music in the life of adolescents, a survey performed in the early 1990s of 2760 American adolescents aged 14 through 16 years revealed that they listened to music an average of 40 hours per week.28 In another study in 2000, North et al4 found that a sample of 2465 adolescents in England reported listening to music for an average of 2.45 hours per day. On a study performed in 2005 to assess media use of 8- to 18-year-olds in the United States, Roberts et al25 reported that on a given day, 85% of 8- to 18-year-olds listen to music. Although time devoted to listening to music varies with age group, American youth listen to music from 1.5 to 2.5 hours per day. Still, a study performed with a small sample of at-risk youth revealed an average of up to 6.8 hours of music-listening per day.29 Furthermore, Roberts et al found that 33% of those listening to music did so while performing other tasks or activities. These data support the idea that the prevalence of music-listening in adolescents may be even higher than that of television viewing. The reason for this is that popular music is present almost everywhere, from the supermarket to the mall, often as background music. It also is easily available through the radio, various recordings, the Internet, and new technologies,11,25 allowing adolescents to hear it in diverse settings and situations, alone or shared with friends.
A study with 100 fourth- through sixth-graders revealed that 98% of these children listened to popular music, 72% of them on “most days” or every day.30 Furthermore, it has been reported that children 8 to 10 years of age listen to music an average of 1 hour per day.25 With many children and adolescents listening on iPods or other devices using headphones, parents may have little knowledge of what their children are listening to.
Research on popular music has explored several areas such as its effects on schoolwork,31 social interactions, mood and affect,20,26,27,32,33 and particularly behavior.10,11,34–36 Several theories have been developed to explain the relationship between music and behavior,15,37,38 and a number of studies have demonstrated that there is a relationship between music and emotions, regardless of age.20,23,27,39–41 Although the emotional response to music depends on the way it is presented, it is also true that it is closely related to the age of the listener and the experiences or preconceived ideas they bring to the music.2,14,39 The effect that popular music has on children's and adolescents' behavior and emotions is of paramount concern.40 There is particular concern related to the lyrics of some genres of music and their effect on children and adolescents.3,10,11,42–45
A content analysis of the top 10 CDs performed by the National Institute on Media in 1999 revealed that each of these CDs included at least 1 song with sexual content. Forty-two percent of the songs on these CDs contained very explicit sexual content.46 Lyrics of some music genres, such as rock, heavy metal, rap, and new emerging genres such as reggaeton, have been found to revolve around topics such as sexual promiscuity, death, homicide, suicide, and substance abuse.9,13,17,43,45,46–53 Most recently, some rap music has been characterized by the presence of explicit sexual language in its lyrics as well as messages of violence, racism, homophobia, and hatred toward women.9,10,42,54 Drug, tobacco, and alcohol use also tend to be glorified in these songs.
In refuting concerns about the effect of lyrics, some have argued that children and adolescents use music only for entertainment, that little or no attention is paid to the words, and if any attention is given, understanding tends to be limited and related to the experiences lived by the listener.
Approximately 17% of male adolescents and 25% of female adolescents expressed that they liked their favorite songs specifically because the lyrics were a reflection of their feelings.2 Also, it has been found that the more importance adolescents give to a certain type of music, the more attention they will pay to the lyrics.2,55,57,58 Furthermore, Knobloch-Westerwick et al have stated that although young listeners might not understand all the details in lyrics, they recognize enough to obtain a general idea of the message they bring.11
Regarding the effects of popular music on behavior, several studies have demonstrated that preference for certain types of music could be correlated or associated with certain behaviors,*such as the association of drug and alcohol use with “rave” music or electronic music dance events
They are mainly classified as either performance or concept videos. For a performance video, an artist or a group is filmed during a performance, usually a concert. Concept videos, on the other hand, tell the viewer a story that may or may not evolve from the song. This story may sometimes add content to the lyrics and provide a particular interpretation that is reinforced every time the viewer hears the song.72,73,75 As with popular music, the perception and the effect of music-video messages on children and adolescents is related to the age and developmental and emotional stage of the viewer, as well as the level of exposure.
A study of 100 fourth- to sixth-graders revealed that 75% of them watched music videos, with 60% of them self-describing their frequency of viewing videos as either “pretty much” or “a lot.” Of these children, 62% watched music videos either “most days” or “every day,” and 7% watched them even before going to school.30 In 2003, a report of the Kaiser Family Foundation90 revealed that 3 of 4 of those in the 16- to 24-year-old group watch MTV, 58% watch it at least once a week, and 20% watch it for an hour or more every day. More recently, a study revealed that a sample of 12- to 15-year-olds watched music videos on an average of 4.3 days per week.92
Analysis of the content in music videos is important, because research has reported that exposure to violence, sexual messages, sexual stereotypes, and use of substances of abuse in music videos might produce significant changes in behaviors and attitudes of young viewers.†Frequent watching of music videos has been related to an increased risk of developing beliefs in false stereotypes and an increased perceived importance of appearance and weight in adolescent girls.83 In studies performed to assess the reactions of young males exposed to violent rap music videos or sexist videos, participants reported an increased probability that they would engage in violence, a greater acceptance of the use of violence, and a greater acceptance of the use of violence against women than did participants who were not exposed to these videos.29,35,77,78,92
Research on music videos has been focused mainly on content analyses. A study published in 1997 by DuRant et al76,82 described an analysis of 518 music videos on 4 television networks (MTV, VH1, CMT, and BET). This study revealed that the percentage of violence in music videos ranged from 11.5% to 22.4%, with the most violent videos having been presented on MTV. When analyzed according to type of music, rap videos had the highest portrayal of violence (20.4%), closely followed by rock videos (19.8%). Using the same sample, another study revealed that although the percentage of videos that portrayed alcohol use showed no significant differences among networks, the percentage portrayed was still significant, ranging from 18.7% to 26.9%. Of the networks, MTV had the highest percentage of alcohol representation and also the highest percentage of videos that portrayed smoking behaviors (25.7%). Of these videos, rap music videos showed a higher content of alcohol or tobacco use than did other types of videos.75 In 1998, Rich et al82 reported on the findings of content analyses that looked for gender or race differences in aggressors or victims of acts of violence portrayed in the same sample of 518 music videos. The analyses showed that black individuals were overrepresented as aggressors (25%) and as victims (41%), compared with the percentage of black individuals in the general population (12%). Studies performed by Smith and Boyson in 200293 and Gruber et al in 200591 validated these findings.
Sorry I like almost posted the whole thing but we could use pretty much all of this awesome information.
Article: Impact of music lyrics and music videos on children and youth
url: http://go.galegroup.com/ps/infomark.do?action=interpret&u=csusj&source=gale&authCount=1&srcprod=SP00&tabID=T002&prodId=GPS&userGroupName=csusj&docId=A18966948&type=retrieve&contentSet=IAC-Documents&version=1.0&selfRedirect=true
author: Pediatrics
Music video formats are popular among children and adolescents. When music lyrics are illustrated in music videos, their potential impact is magnified.3,5,23,24] Teenagers who may not "hear" or understand rock lyrics cannot avoid the often disturbing images that characterize a growing number of videos. In addition, music videos are self-reinforcing: if viewers hear a song after having seen the video version, they immediately "flash back" to the visual imagery in the video.[17] Music videos may represent a relatively new art form, but it is one that often contains an excess of sexism, violence, substance abuse, suicides, and inappropriate sexual behavior.[25-28]
With 70% of American households receiving cable television,[29] most teenagers have access to Music Television (MTV) and VH-1 and watch an average of a half hour to 2 hours of music videos daily.[5,30] Content analyses indicate that up to 75% of concept music videos (those involving a theme instead of a concert performance) contain sexually suggestive material.[25,26] More than half contain violence, which often includes acts committed against women.[25,26] Women are frequently portrayed in a condescending manner.[27,28] Alcohol and tobacco use are also glamorized in many music videos that teenagers view.[31] As with music lyrics, teenagers, ability to comprehend and interpret music videos may vary widely and may represent an important variable in their potential impact.[5,32,33]
This article is really really good.
Article: Impacts of Music, Music Lyrics, and Music Videos on children and youth
url: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/124/5/1488.full
author: FROM THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS
To understand the importance of music in the life of adolescents, a survey performed in the early 1990s of 2760 American adolescents aged 14 through 16 years revealed that they listened to music an average of 40 hours per week.28 In another study in 2000, North et al4 found that a sample of 2465 adolescents in England reported listening to music for an average of 2.45 hours per day. On a study performed in 2005 to assess media use of 8- to 18-year-olds in the United States, Roberts et al25 reported that on a given day, 85% of 8- to 18-year-olds listen to music. Although time devoted to listening to music varies with age group, American youth listen to music from 1.5 to 2.5 hours per day. Still, a study performed with a small sample of at-risk youth revealed an average of up to 6.8 hours of music-listening per day.29 Furthermore, Roberts et al found that 33% of those listening to music did so while performing other tasks or activities. These data support the idea that the prevalence of music-listening in adolescents may be even higher than that of television viewing. The reason for this is that popular music is present almost everywhere, from the supermarket to the mall, often as background music. It also is easily available through the radio, various recordings, the Internet, and new technologies,11,25 allowing adolescents to hear it in diverse settings and situations, alone or shared with friends.
A study with 100 fourth- through sixth-graders revealed that 98% of these children listened to popular music, 72% of them on “most days” or every day.30 Furthermore, it has been reported that children 8 to 10 years of age listen to music an average of 1 hour per day.25 With many children and adolescents listening on iPods or other devices using headphones, parents may have little knowledge of what their children are listening to.
Research on popular music has explored several areas such as its effects on schoolwork,31 social interactions, mood and affect,20,26,27,32,33 and particularly behavior.10,11,34–36 Several theories have been developed to explain the relationship between music and behavior,15,37,38 and a number of studies have demonstrated that there is a relationship between music and emotions, regardless of age.20,23,27,39–41 Although the emotional response to music depends on the way it is presented, it is also true that it is closely related to the age of the listener and the experiences or preconceived ideas they bring to the music.2,14,39 The effect that popular music has on children's and adolescents' behavior and emotions is of paramount concern.40 There is particular concern related to the lyrics of some genres of music and their effect on children and adolescents.3,10,11,42–45
A content analysis of the top 10 CDs performed by the National Institute on Media in 1999 revealed that each of these CDs included at least 1 song with sexual content. Forty-two percent of the songs on these CDs contained very explicit sexual content.46 Lyrics of some music genres, such as rock, heavy metal, rap, and new emerging genres such as reggaeton, have been found to revolve around topics such as sexual promiscuity, death, homicide, suicide, and substance abuse.9,13,17,43,45,46–53 Most recently, some rap music has been characterized by the presence of explicit sexual language in its lyrics as well as messages of violence, racism, homophobia, and hatred toward women.9,10,42,54 Drug, tobacco, and alcohol use also tend to be glorified in these songs.
In refuting concerns about the effect of lyrics, some have argued that children and adolescents use music only for entertainment, that little or no attention is paid to the words, and if any attention is given, understanding tends to be limited and related to the experiences lived by the listener.
Approximately 17% of male adolescents and 25% of female adolescents expressed that they liked their favorite songs specifically because the lyrics were a reflection of their feelings.2 Also, it has been found that the more importance adolescents give to a certain type of music, the more attention they will pay to the lyrics.2,55,57,58 Furthermore, Knobloch-Westerwick et al have stated that although young listeners might not understand all the details in lyrics, they recognize enough to obtain a general idea of the message they bring.11
Regarding the effects of popular music on behavior, several studies have demonstrated that preference for certain types of music could be correlated or associated with certain behaviors,*such as the association of drug and alcohol use with “rave” music or electronic music dance events
They are mainly classified as either performance or concept videos. For a performance video, an artist or a group is filmed during a performance, usually a concert. Concept videos, on the other hand, tell the viewer a story that may or may not evolve from the song. This story may sometimes add content to the lyrics and provide a particular interpretation that is reinforced every time the viewer hears the song.72,73,75 As with popular music, the perception and the effect of music-video messages on children and adolescents is related to the age and developmental and emotional stage of the viewer, as well as the level of exposure.
A study of 100 fourth- to sixth-graders revealed that 75% of them watched music videos, with 60% of them self-describing their frequency of viewing videos as either “pretty much” or “a lot.” Of these children, 62% watched music videos either “most days” or “every day,” and 7% watched them even before going to school.30 In 2003, a report of the Kaiser Family Foundation90 revealed that 3 of 4 of those in the 16- to 24-year-old group watch MTV, 58% watch it at least once a week, and 20% watch it for an hour or more every day. More recently, a study revealed that a sample of 12- to 15-year-olds watched music videos on an average of 4.3 days per week.92
Analysis of the content in music videos is important, because research has reported that exposure to violence, sexual messages, sexual stereotypes, and use of substances of abuse in music videos might produce significant changes in behaviors and attitudes of young viewers.†Frequent watching of music videos has been related to an increased risk of developing beliefs in false stereotypes and an increased perceived importance of appearance and weight in adolescent girls.83 In studies performed to assess the reactions of young males exposed to violent rap music videos or sexist videos, participants reported an increased probability that they would engage in violence, a greater acceptance of the use of violence, and a greater acceptance of the use of violence against women than did participants who were not exposed to these videos.29,35,77,78,92
Research on music videos has been focused mainly on content analyses. A study published in 1997 by DuRant et al76,82 described an analysis of 518 music videos on 4 television networks (MTV, VH1, CMT, and BET). This study revealed that the percentage of violence in music videos ranged from 11.5% to 22.4%, with the most violent videos having been presented on MTV. When analyzed according to type of music, rap videos had the highest portrayal of violence (20.4%), closely followed by rock videos (19.8%). Using the same sample, another study revealed that although the percentage of videos that portrayed alcohol use showed no significant differences among networks, the percentage portrayed was still significant, ranging from 18.7% to 26.9%. Of the networks, MTV had the highest percentage of alcohol representation and also the highest percentage of videos that portrayed smoking behaviors (25.7%). Of these videos, rap music videos showed a higher content of alcohol or tobacco use than did other types of videos.75 In 1998, Rich et al82 reported on the findings of content analyses that looked for gender or race differences in aggressors or victims of acts of violence portrayed in the same sample of 518 music videos. The analyses showed that black individuals were overrepresented as aggressors (25%) and as victims (41%), compared with the percentage of black individuals in the general population (12%). Studies performed by Smith and Boyson in 200293 and Gruber et al in 200591 validated these findings.
Sorry I like almost posted the whole thing but we could use pretty much all of this awesome information.